Biology and management of <i>Systena frontalis</i> (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in ornamental plant nurseries

Abstract Systena frontalis (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a serious insect pest species of container ornamental plant nurseries, widespread in the central and eastern United States. Adults feeding causes shotholes skeletonization to foliage affected plants, which can reduce aesthetic value, marketability plants. This paper reviews biology current management approaches used against S. nurseries Information gathered from cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) production system included where they are appropriate supplementary discussion. The also discusses research, extension, economic questions prioritized by stakeholders dealing with problems nurseries.